InBody Result Sheet shows a variety of parameters related to our health.
Everything you need to know is to interpret InBody Results and start offering your clients the insights they need to improve their health.
With an explanation of Result Sheet and Parameter keynotes, you’ll learn what the terms on the Result Sheet mean, why they’re valuable, and the strategies you can use to implement this invaluable data into your research and patient’s health management.
Understanding your body composition results is key to making informed health decisions. You’ll find detailed keynotes for various result sheets, covering everything from body composition and body water to advanced metrics like ECW Ratio and Phase Angle. These resources will help you interpret your results with precision, whether you’re tracking personal fitness progress, managing patient care, or conducting research. Choose the relevant keynote to download and start exploring the data behind your results.
Keynote 1 : Body Composition Result
Keynote 2 : Body Water Result Sheet
Keynote 3 : Children Result Sheet
Keynote 4 : Research Result Sheet
Keynote 5 : Comparison Result Sheet
Keynote 6 : Evaluation Result Sheet
Keynote 1 : Enhance Patient Care
Keynote 2 : Risks of ECW
Keynote 3 : Positive Role of ICW
Keynote 4 : Science-based Uses
Keynote 5 : Rehabilitation
Keynote 6: Oncology & Body Water
Keynote 7: Advanced Analysis
To explore detailed insights about your body composition results, choose from the options below:
It provides a better idea of your overall health. Body composition analysis can accurately show changes in fat mass, muscle mass, body fat percentage, and body water balance.
Body Composition Analysis
Body composition is a method of describing what the body is made of. BWA offers quantitative values for four core body components: Body water, Protein, Minerals, and Fat. These measured values are evaluated by the reciprocal ratio along with the normal ranges.
Muscle-Fat Analysis
The balance between Skeletal Muscle Mass and Body Fat mass is a key health indicator. Muscle-Fat Analysis shows this balance by comparing the length of the bars for Weight, Skeletal Muscle Mass, and Body Fat Mass.
Obesity Analysis
Accurate obesity analysis cannot be performed using BMI, but the ratio of body fat compared to the weight, which is called the Percent Body Fat, must be assessed.
Segmental Lean Analysis
analyzes the lean mass in each body segment helps identify imbalances and insufficiently developed muscle mass, which can be used to develop targeted exercise programs. The lean mass of the arms, trunk (torso), and legs are represented by two bars. Upper bar represents muscle in (kg), and bottom bar shows the percentage.
ECW Ratio Analysis
The extracellular water ratio shows the body water balance. The ratio between intra and extracellular water remains constant at 3:2 ratio in healthy case, and edema occurs when this balance is broken down. In addition, segmental extracellular water can be used as a diagnostic indicator for edema, circulation or nutritional problems
Body Composition History
With a dot graph, you can monitor changes in Weight, Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM), Percent Body Fat (PBF), and Extracellular Water Ratio (ECW Ratio).
InBody Score
It is unique index created by InBody to make it easier to understand the current body composition status. The standard range is between 70~90 points, and based on the weight control, the point +,- from 80 points.
Visceral Fat Area
Visceral fat is the fat surrounding your organs. InBody recommends people maintain a Vsiceral Fat Level under 10 or Visceral Fat Area under 100㎠. Higher amounts of visceral fat are associated with the development of diseases like diabetes, stroke and dementia.
Visceral Fat Area
Visceral fat is the fat surrounding your organs. InBody recommends people maintain a Vsiceral Fat Level under 10 or Visceral Fat Area under 100㎠. Higher amounts of visceral fat are associated with the development of diseases like diabetes, stroke and dementia.
Weight Control
shows the recommended weight, fat and muscle mass for a healthy body. The '+' means to gain and the '-' means to lose. Use the weight control to set your own goal.
Research Parameters
provides additional parameters located on the right side of the sheet. The BWA can print several different combinations of these parameters depending on the needs of the user.
Whole Body Phase Angle
is related to the health status of the cell membrane. Strengthening of the cellular membrane and structural function will increase the Phase Angle, while damage or a decrease in function will result in a decrease in the Phase Angle.
Segmental Body Phase Angle
indicates the Phase Angle of each part of the body, representing the level of structural integrity and function of the cell membrane.
Impedance
is the resistance that occurs when weak alternating current is applied to the human body. If the measurement is done properly, the lower the frequency, the higher the point representing the impedance.
Provides fluid specific results such as total body water, intra and extracellular water ratio, and water control.
It enables to monitor fluid balance of the patients.
Body Water Composition
50-70% of our body is composed of water. Body water is distributed in every cell and fluid in our body. Most of them are present in the cells and the rest are in the form of blood and interstitial fluid. Water inside the cell membrane is called intracellular water, and the water outside the cell membrane is called extracellular water. ECW Ratio Analysis
The extracellular water ratio shows the balance of body water. The ratio between intra and extracellular water remains constant at 3:2 ratio in healthy case, and edema may occur when this balance is broken down. In addition, Segmental Extracellular Water can be used as a diagnostic indicator for edema, circulation or nutritional problemsSegmental Body Water Analysis
You can assess body water balance by analyzing the Total Body Water of each segment in the Segmental Body Water Analysis. The amount of body water in the arms, trunk, and legs are shown in the graph. Muscles holds body water, so changes in muscle mass result in changes in body water. Segmental ECW Ratio Analysis
Segmental ECW Ratio is displayed in a graph so you can easily determine if the ICW and ECW are balanced. By analyzing the ECW Ratio, you can assess if there is a problem with body water circulation. This can be helpful for monitoring the recovery of post-surgery or hemodialysis patients.Body Water Composition History
provides the changes in Weight, Skeletal Muscle Mass, Intracellular Water, Extracellular Water, and Extracellular Water Ratio. Take the BWA test periodically to monitor your progress.Body Composition Analysis
Body composition is a method of describing what the body is made of. BWA offers quantitative values for four core body components: Body water, Protein, Minerals, and Fat. These measured values are evaluated by the reciprocal ratio along with the normal ranges.Muscle-Fat Analysis
Muscle-Fat Analysis is to show the balance between Weight, Skeletal Muscle Mass and Body Fat Mass. In the parenthesis, you may see the normal ranges for each.Obesity Analysis
It displays both BMI and Percent Body Fat. PBF is a more accurate indicator of your health because it compares your fat levels to your weight. BMI is included in the InBody result because it is still commonly used in scientific research.Whole Body Phase Angle
Phase Angle is related to the health status of the cell membrane. Strengthening of the cellular membrane and structural function will increase the Phase Angle, while damage or a decrease in function will result in a decrease in the Phase Angle.Research Parameters
provides additional parameters located on the right side of the sheet. The BWA can print several different combinations of these parameters depending on the needs of the user.Segmental Body Phase Angle
Segmental Phase Angle indicates the Phase Angle of each part of the body, representing the level of structural integrity and function of the cell membrane.Impedance
Impedance is the resistance that occurs when a weak alternating current is applied to the human body. If the measurement is done properly, the lower the frequency, the higher the point representing the impedance.Specially designed results sheet with Growth Graph for Children
Body Composition Analysis
Body composition is a method of describing what the body is made of. BWA offers quantitative values for four core body components: Body water, Protein, Minerals, and Fat. These measured values are evaluated by the reciprotal ratio along with the normal ranges.
Muscle-Fat Analysis
The balance between Skeletal Muscle Mass and Body Fat mass is a key health indicator. Muscle-Fat Analysis shows this balance by comparing the length of the bars for Weight, Skeletal Muscle Mass, and Body Fat Mass. The balance between Weight, Skeletal Muscle Mass, and Body Fat Mass can be analyzed by comparing the length of each bar.Obesity Analysis
Accurate obesity analysis cannot be performed using BMI, but the ratio of body fat compared to the weight, which is called the Percent Body Fat, must be assessed.Growth Graph
The Growth Graph indicates the height, and BMI of the subject among 100 people of the same age. You can determine if your growth and development are within the appropriate range.Body Composition History
With dot graph, you can monitor changes in Height, Weight, Skeletal Muscle Mass, and Percent Body Fat.Growth Score
The Growth Score is a unique index for children created by InBody to help make it easier to understand the current body composition status and growth status.Nutrition Evaluation
This is performed based on body composition analysis. If it is less than Normal, it is evaluated as lacking.Obesity Evaluation
This is an obesity index to evaluate the Percent Body Fat.Body Balance Evaluation
It helps you assess whether the muscle mass in each body part is balanced.Segmental Lean Analysis
Analyzing the lean mass in each body segment helps identify imbalances and insufficiently developed muscle mass, which can be used to develop targeted exercise programs.Research Parameters
It provides additional parameters located on the right side of the sheet. The BWA can print several different combinations of these parameters depending on the needs of the user.Whole Body Phase Angle
Phase Angle is related to the health status of the cell membrane. Strengthening of the cellular membrane and structural function will increase the Phase Angle, while damage or a decrease in function will result in a decrease in the Phase Angle.Segmental Body Phase Angle
Segmental Body Phase Angle indicates the Phase Angle of each part of the body, representing the level of structural integrity and function of the cell membrane.
Impedance
Impedance is the resistance that occurs when weak alternating current is applied to the human bodyThe Research Result Sheet provides the summary of frequently used parameters by segment, which can be used for a comprehensive analysis.
Body Composition Summary
The summary of body composition that shows all the results for each segment in a summarized table form such as segmental result for FFM, FM ICW, ECW, TBW and ECW Ratio.Body Composition Analysis
This graph displays the whole body / segmental body composition in a bar type graph, so you can see the result more easily, and see if it is in the normal range or not.
Research Parameters
It provides additional parameters located on the right side of the sheet. The BWA can print several different combinations of these parameters depending on the needs of the user.
Whole Body Phase Angle
It is related to the health status of the cell membrane. Strengthening of the cellular membrane and structural function will increase the Phase Angle, while damage or a decrease in function will result in a decrease in the Phase Angle.Segmental Body Phase Angle
It indicates the Phase Angle of each part of the body, representing the level of structural integrity and function of the cell membrane.Impedance
It is the resistance that occurs when a weak alternating current is applied to the human body
The Comparison Result Sheet provides Cole-Cole plot graph of major parameters to compare the before and after test result.
Body Composition Summary
The summary of body composition that shows all the results for each segment in a summarized table form such as segmental result for FFM, FM ICW, ECW, TBW and ECW Ratio.Body Composition Analysis
This graph displays the whole body / segmental body composition in a bar type graph, so you can see the result more easily, and see if it is in the normal range or not.
Research Parameters
It provides additional parameters located on the right side of the sheet. The BWA can print several different combinations of these parameters depending on the needs of the user.Based on 13 million sets of InBody Big Data, it provides averages and standard deviation graphs for each result parameters according to age. It allows for comparative evaluation between defferent or same age groups for a more objective body composition analysis.
Whole Body Phase Angle
It provides Age-specific Whole Body Phase Angle graph to show average and standard deviation. Better the cellular integrity level, higher PhA you may have.Muscle-Nutrition Evaluation
It provides Age-specific Skeletal Muscle Index (kg/m2) graph to show average and standard deviation. The trend of decreasing SMI is seen from ages 20~80. This is due to nutritional deficiency, hormonal changes, and increasing fat mass resulting in a decrease in leg muscle mass.Body Water Evaluation
It provides a Whole Body ECW Ratio (ECW/TBW) graph to show the average and standard deviation. InBody considers values under 0.390 as "Normal", values between 0.390 and 0.400 as "Slightly Over", and more than 0.400 as "Over"Body Cell Mass
It provides Age-specific Body Cell Mass graph to show average and standard deviation. Body Cell Mass is the sum of Intracellular Water and Protein, and it refers to the total amount of the cells in muscular tissue and it can be used as a parameter for nutritional evaluation.Extracellular Water Ratio (ECW Ratio) indicates the ratio between Extracellular Water (ECW) and Total Body Water (TBW).
ECW Ratio = ECW / TBW
It is a parameter that indicates the balance of body water. Health people maintain stable ratio at about 3:2 between the Intracellular Water (ICW) and Extracellular Water (ECW). When this ratio is broken, edema may occur. A normal range of ECW Ratio is 0.360~0.390. BWA provides both Whole Body and Segmental ECW Ratio. With Segmental ECW Ratio, you can check if the ICW and ECW are balanced in each body segment.
*Figure 1. Whole Body and Segmental ECW Ratio Analysis from Body Water Result Sheet
BWA measures ICW and ECW separately, so it can detect the invisible changes in body water. By analyzing BWA results, you can check:
– Blood or lymph circulation can be checked.
– Post surgery recovery can be monitored.
– Fluid balance in hemodialysis patients can be monitored.
Not just Body Water Result Sheet, Evaluation Result Sheet also provides with age-evaluation graph of your ECW Ratio.
As shown in the right, it provides grey area which indicates the range of mean and standard deviation of the Whole Body ECW Ratio by age (from 20 to 80 years old). So you can better understand the relative position.
The X-axis of the graph represents age (years), the Y-axis represents Whole Body ECW Ratio (ECW/TBW), and the top and bottom of the shaded graph are +.-mean standard deviation.
Graph Interpretation
1. Today’s measurement result
2. Average range of whole body ECW Ratio by age
3. ECW Ratio under 0.390 is considered as “Normal”, 0.390~0.400 “Slightly Over”, and over 0.400 “Over”
*Figure 2. Age-specific Graph of Whole Body ECW Ratio from Evaluation Result Sheet
Phase Angle (PhA) indicates the level of structural integrity and function of the cell membrane. It can be used as an evaluation indicator for edema, rehabilitation, nutrition problem, and etc.
*Figure 3. Whole Body and Segmental Phase Angle from Body Composition Result Sheet
Understand Impedance, Reactance and Phase Angle
InBody measures Impedance value by sending weak alternating current through the body. Based on it, the body water and body composition is obtained.
The current flows along the body water and if there’s a lot of body water, the impedance value decreases and vice versa. InBody measures the impedance of the Right Arm (RA), Left Arm (LA), Trunk (TR), Right Leg (RL), and Left Leg (LL) for each frequencies.
Impedance (Z): Impedance is a generic term for the resistance and the resistance is largely divided into Resistance (R) and Reactance (Xc). In human body, Resistance (R) occurs in the body water, and Reactance (Xc) is the resistance occurs in the cell membrane.
The Impedance, Resistance, and Reactance is in trigonometric relationship which means the impedance is the vector sum of Resistance and Reactance. Therefore, by knowing Impedance and Phase Angle in InBody, Resistance and Reactance can be measured.
Phase Angle (PhA): PhA is proportional to the Reactance, and since reactance is the resistance occurring at the cell membrane, PhA is related to the health status of the cell. Improvement in the strength of the cellular membrane and structural function will increase the phase angle and damages or decrease in function will result in the decrease in the Phase Angle. Therefore, the Phase Angle remarkably decreases in patients suffering from chronic or wasting diseases such as cancer or kidney diseases.
*Figure 4. Phase Angle as a Resistor and Capacitor in Series
Not just Body Composition Result sheet, Comparison Result Sheet enables you to easily compare current and previous PhA by providing Cole-Cole Plot graph.
Graph Interpretation
As shown in the right, the X-axis represents the resistance (R, Ω) and the Y-axis represents the reactance (Xc, Ω). When graph move to the left, it means there is more water in the body, and when the Y-axis move upwards, it means the cell membranes are stronger. By comparing the graphs, you can compare results at a glance. For reference, Standard median curve is the average of the adult population.
*Figure 5. Phase Angle Cole-Cole Plot Comparison Result Sheet
Lastly, Evaluation Result Sheet provides with age-evaluation graph of your PhA.
As shown in the right, it provides grey area which indicates the range of mean and standard deviation of the PhA by age (from 20 to 80 years old).
The X-axis of the graph represents age (years), the Y-axis represents Whole Body Phase Angle, and the top and bottom of the shaded graph are +.-mean standard deviation.
Graph Interpretation
1. Today’s Measurement Result
2. Average range of Whole Body Phase Angle by age.
3. Age-matched (Z-score) indicates measured value compared to the same age group. If the values is in negative (-) values, it is below average. If the value is in positive (+), then the subject is above average.
The decreasing tendency of Whole Body Phase Angle is seen from age 20-80. This is due to the increase in the Extra Cellular Water which is easily effected by the decreasing muscle cells due to lacking nutritional intake, imbalance of the body water ratio due to diseases, Sarcopenic obesity and many more as you age.
*Figure 6. Age-Specific Graph of Whole Body PhA from Evaluation Result Sheet
The muscle is composed of Cardiac Muscle, Smooth Muscle and Skeletal Muscle. Skeletal Muscle is located in between bones and joints and it can be moved voluntarily. The Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM) can be changed significantly with physical activity. If the SMM is 100%, it means that there is sufficient amount of muscle mass compared to your ideal weight.
Graph Interpretation
1. Check amount of Weight, Skeletal Muscle Mass and Body Fat Mass in kg.
2. Check ratio of Weight, Skeletal Muscle Mass , Body Fat Mass which is based on the ideal weight.
*Figure 7. Muscle-Fat Analysis from Body Composition Result Sheet
How to use Muscle-Fat Analysis
The followings are the methods of using Muscle-Fat Analysis based on the length of the bar graph in Weight, Muscle Mass, and Body Fat Mass.
C-shape: A C-shaped person has a shorter bar for SMM than for weight and Body Fat Mass. Although this is characteristic of someone who is overweight or obese, you may see this shape in someone who is normal or underweight, too. For people who doesn’t have enough amount of muscle such as skinny obese person.
I-shape: An I-shaped individual has a “balanced” body composition, meaning their Weight, SMM, and Body Fat Mass bars roughly form a straight line. However, they can still have health risks if they have too much body fat.
Furthermore, a person tend to lose muscle and gain fat as getting old because of the metabolic changes. So the person with I-shape has to keep monitor whether it changes into C-shape.
D-shape: A D-shaped person has a longer SMM bar than both their weight and body fat bars. This is indicative of an “athletic” body type and is considered to be the ideal body composition shape.
Segmental Lean Analysis further helps to plan more specific physical activity plans by analyzing the Fat Free Mass in each segments.
The Fat Free Mass of Arms, Trunk and Legs will be expressed with two bar graphs. Among two bars, the length of top bar shows how much Fat Free Mass is compared to the ideal weight and bottom bar shows how much lean mass is to your current weight.
*Figure 8. Segmental Lean Analysis from Body Composition Result Sheet
Graph Interpretation
Top bar: It is the amount of lean mass in kg. The length of bar shows how much muscle mass there is compared to the ideal body weight. In other words, 7.5kg of muscle mass in the right leg is 100% to the ideal body weight, which is identical to the ideal muscle mass required.
Bottom bar: It shows the lean mass in percentage. The length of the bar shows the percentage of the lean mass compared to the current weight. In other words, 7.5kg of muscle which is present is equal to the ideal body weight but compared to the current weight it is only 88%. Therefore, 7.5kg muscle at the moment is not enough to sustain the current body weight.
InBody also provides SMI. SMI is the abbreviation of Skeletal Muscle mass Index, which can be calculated by dividing the sum of the segmental muscle mass to height squared. It is an index that can be used to diagnose diseases related to muscle mass reduction called “sarcopenia” that can occur due to physiological changes in the elderly population. Recently, the use of SMI in Sarcopenia research is increasing. The European assessment criteria for male is 7.0kg/m2 and 6.0kg/m2 for female.
*Figure 9. SMI in Research Parameters from Body Composition Result Sheet
Not just Body Composition Result Sheet, Evaluation Result Sheet also provides with age-evaluation graph of your SMI.
As shown in the graph, it provides grey area which indicates the range of mean and standard deviation of the SMI by age (from 20 to 80 years old). The X-axis of the graph represents age (years), the Y-axis represents SMI (kg/m2), and the top and bottom of the shaded graph are +.-mean standard deviation.
Graph Interpretation
1. Today’s Measurement Result
2. Age-matched (Z-score) indicates measured value compared to the same age group. If the values is in negative (-), it is below average. If the value is in positive (+), then the subject is above average.
3.The cut off of Sarcopenia is 7.0kg/m2 for male, and 6.0kg/m2 for female, according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP).
The decreasing tendency of SMI is seen from age 20~80. This is due to lacking nutritional intake, hormonal change increasing fat mass resulting in the decrease in the muscles in the leg.
*Figure 10. Age-Specific Graph of SMI from Evaluation Result Sheet
The body fat can be divided into Visceral Fat, Subcutaneous Fat, and fat between the muscles according to its location. Visceral Fat is the fat that is distributed between the intestines and causes abdominal obesity. Visceral Fat Area (VFA) is the cross-sectional area of this Visceral Fat.
Graph Interpretation
The grey area in the graph shows how the Visceral Fat is distributed throughout the age, and person’s today’s measurement result is marked with a (+). Cut off value of VFA as 100cm2 and it is important to monitor the trends of the changes.
*Figure 11. Visceral Fat Area from Body Composition Result Sheet
Visceral Fat Level (VFL) shows the Visceral Fat Area in a level. Level 1 of the VFL is 10cm2, so Level 5 means 51 to 60 ㎠ of visceral fat. Visceral Fat Level tends to increase as we age and if the Visceral Fat Level is 10 and above, the risk of lifestyle diseases increases. The gold standard of visceral fat measurement through direct measurement like CT scans.
*Figure 12. Visceral Fat Level from Body Composition Result Sheet
Not just Body Composition Result Sheet, Evaluation Result Sheet provides Visceral Fat Area with age-evaluation graph.
As shown in the right, it provides grey area which indicates the range of mean and standard deviation of the VFA by age (from 20 to 80 years old). The X-axis of the graph represents age (years), the Y-axis represents VFA, and the top and bottom of the shaded graph are +.-mean standard deviation.
Graph Interpretation
1. Today’s Measurement Result
2. VFA Evaluation Cutoff that can assess patients’ health status. InBody Evaluates “Over” if it is more than 100 cm2.
*Figure 13. Age-Specific Graph of VFA from Evaluation Result Sheet
In general, children have lower visceral fat area than adults even when their WHR is high, and the visceral fat increases with age. The reason is that most children develop subcutaneous fat first rather than visceral fat. On the other hand, as we age, the physiological action accelerates visceral fat accumulation so the visceral fat area increases.