Background: Overweight and obesity are the result of a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors, which begins prenatally. Aim: To analyse an intervention based on play as a means of improving the body composition of children who are overweight or obese. Methods: The Kids-Play study is a randomized clinical trial (RCT) consisting of 49 children aged 8–12 years on a nine-month intervention programme based on physical activity, play and nutritional advice. Controls had another 49 children, who received only …

Background Several per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been phased out due to their adverse effects, and replaced by the short-chain perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS). However, the long-term impacts of PFBS on human health are unknown. Objective We aimed to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to PFAS, especially PFBS and childhood adiposity at 5 years of age. Methods We conducted a prospective birth cohort study involving 1,140 pregnant women from 2012 to 2017 in Shanghai. Fetal …

Purpose To investigate familial influences on obesity-related phenotypes and dietary intake patterns, and to examine gender differences in Korean families with adolescent children. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 134 biologically related families composed of 260 parents and 231 adolescent children aged 11 to 19 years. Anthropometric measurements, including total fatness and fat distribution, were measured. Dietary intake was assessed by the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) …

This study assessed the effects of a cross-circuit training intervention program on the body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, balance, and muscular strength endurance of overweight or obese students with intellectual disability. A total of 43 students with intellectual disability (aged 13–19 years) were enrolled in this program; 28 overweight/obese students were assigned to either an obesity-control group (n= 14) or obesity-exercise group (n= 14), and those with normal weight were assigned to a normal …

Summary Background Recently, osteocalcin (OC), an osteoblast-derived hormone, has been suggested as a new link between obesity and insulin resistance in humans. However, few studies regarding the relationship between OC and obesity in Asian children have been published. We investigated the association of OC with adiposity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean children. Methods Two hundred and nine (100 boys, 109 girls) children (age: 9.78±1.05 years, body mass index (BMI): 22.27±5.34 kg/m 2) …

Context: Adrenarche refers to the onset of increased production of adrenal androgens in childhood leading variably to clinical signs of androgen action. The prevalence and presentation of adrenarche in prepubertal girls and boys is not well known. Objective: Our objective was to examine the prevalence and clinical presentation of adrenarche in a population sample of prepubertal children aged less than 9 years. Design and Participants: This cross-sectional study included prepubertal children (209 girls and 228 boys; median …

Objective To identify the percentage of body fat mass (FM) that would define obesity among Sri Lankan children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 5–15 y old children in the district of Colombo. FM was assessed using Bio Impedance Assay (BIA). After a 12 h overnight fast, blood was drawn for fasting blood glucose (FBS) and lipid profile. Oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) was done along with 2 h random blood sugar (RBS). Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was diagnosed by a high waist circumference (WC) with≥ 2 …

Background We aimed to compare the accuracy of the ponderal index (PI) vs. BMI-for-age z-scores transformed (BMIz) in estimating body fat levels and classifying obesity in children and adolescents from a Brazilian urban population. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with 1149 participants (53.2% male), aged 6 to 18 years. Body fat percent (BFP) was obtained by multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance. Non-linear regression analysis provided the accuracy of both BMIz and PI in estimating BFP. False positive rate was …

The Healthy Lifestyle Clinic (HLC) is an interdisciplinary weight management clinic conceived to address alarming rates of pediatric obesity and related comorbidities in the midsouth region of the United States. The clinical cohort presented is a subset of the 609 patients evaluated during the first 2 years of the HLC and comprises 380 patients with a minimum of 6 months of follow-up. The primarily non-Hispanic black (67.1%) cohort presented with severe obesity (M zBMI= 2.52±0.41) and particularly high rates of insulin …

This study compared the effects of recreational football and high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition, muscular fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese children. Forty‐two overweight/obese males aged 11‐13 years [body mass index (BMI)> 20.5 kg/m2] were randomly assigned to a recreational football training group (n= 14; 157.9±5.8 cm; 63.7±12.6 kg), HIIT group (n= 14; 163.8±9.4 cm; 71.5±10.5 kg), or nontraining control group (n= 14; 162.7±9.3 cm; 67.4±16.1 kg). Physical fitness components were …