In recent years, worldwide obesity has increased both in the adult as well as childhood populations. Research shows that obesity nowadays is associated with still younger age. What is currently becoming the focal point of attention is the prevalence of obesity in people with intellectual disabilities whose physical and mental limitations affect, to a certain degree, their daily lives. Nevertheless, there is a lack of data for the childhood population with intellectual disabilities. This research seeks to compare trends in BMI indicators and eating …

Purpose To investigate sex differences in the effect of a military field exercise on physical performance, body composition, and blood biomarkers. Methods Measurements were done in 23 male and 12 female conscripts before, and 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after a 6‐day military field exercise. Results During the field exercise, body mass decreased more in men (− 6.5±1.1 kg) than in women (− 2.7±0.7 kg), and muscle mass decreased only in men (− 2.7±1.0 kg). Body composition recovered within one week. Performance decreased, with no …

Background Obesity is an important public health problem, particularly among middle‐aged women. Type D personality, characterized by negative affectivity and social inhibition, is prevalent among obese and overweight middle‐aged women and has been linked to maladaptive health‐related behaviors and unhealthy lifestyle. Lifestyle interventions based on type D personality could be a first step in combatting obesity in middle‐aged women. Aim To identify the effects of a lifestyle intervention based on type D personality on health …

Insulin resistance is associated with the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Insulin resistance is regulated by various cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), a proinflammatory myokine, and selenoprotein P (SeP), a liver-derived secretory hepatokine. High levels of IL-6 and/or SeP have been shown to contribute to insulin resistance, and exercise is a first-line therapy for NAFLD. We have developed a hybrid training system (HTS): a neuromuscular electrical stimulation device to enhance exercise …

The associations between physical activity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been mainly found in cross-sectional studies. The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine the relationship between meeting step-based guidelines and changes in the risk of metabolic syndrome. This study included data from older women (baseline age 62.9±4.3 years) from a 7-year longitudinal study in Central Europe. At baseline and follow-up, physical activity was measured by an accelerometer, and the risk for MetS was assessed …

Several factors predispose individuals with epilepsy to chronic diseases. Among them, nutrition and lifestyle factors have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate patients with epilepsy in terms of diet, body composition and physical activity compared to healthy sex-and age-matched subjects to investigate whether there are risk factors for nutritional deficiencies and risk factors for the development of metabolic diseases. The case-control study involved 60 epileptic male and female volunteers and 70 …

Abstract It is estimated that 7.2% of community-dwelling older adults worldwide have major depression. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between geriatric syndromes and depressive symptoms. Data were obtained from the Kaizuka Dementia Prevention Study 2018 and 2019, which was a community-based health check conducted in collaboration with the Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University (Kaizuka City Office) and Cognitive Reserve Research Center in Osaka, Japan. The participants comprised 363 older …

Background: Fatigue is one of the major health conditions induced by excessive stress or abnormal immune function or defective antioxidant systems. Placental extract has been reported to have various effects such as immune modulation and cellular regeneration. Fermented porcine placenta (FPP) is a safe nontoxic material, which is highly valuable as a functional food. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-fatigue effects of FPP supplementation compared with a placebo product. Methods: In this double-blind, parallel …

Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of body fat distribution with cardiometabolic risk factors clustering among Chinese adolescents. Methods In this cross sectional study a total of 1,175 adolescents aged 10–18 years underwent a comprehensive assessment of cardimetabolic risk factors. Body fat analysis was performed with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Results Individuals with the CVRFs≥ 1 or CVRFs≥ 2 had higher indices of body fat distribution such as body fat mass …

Background: Even though excessive adipose tissue is related to chronic metabolic disturbances, not all subjects with excess weight (EW) display metabolic alterations, and not all normal-weight (NW) subjects have a metabolically healthy (MH) phenotype, probably due to gene-environment interactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction effects of ADIPOQ and PPARG genetic variants in NW and EW individuals with different metabolic phenotypes. Methods: Data on 345 adults from western Mexico were analyzed …